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1.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 213: 115617, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2323676

ABSTRACT

Fusion with host cell membrane is the main mechanism of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we propose that a new strategy to screen small-molecule antagonists blocking SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion. Using cell membrane chromatography (CMC), we found that harringtonine (HT) simultaneously targeted SARS-CoV-2 S protein and host cell surface TMPRSS2 expressed by the host cell, and subsequently confirmed that HT can inhibit membrane fusion. HT effectively blocked SARS-CoV-2 original strain entry with the IC50 of 0.217 µM, while the IC50 in delta variant decreased to 0.101 µM, the IC50 in Omicron BA.1 variant was 0.042 µM. Due to high transmissibility and immune escape, Omicron subvariant BA.5 has become the dominant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and led to escalating COVID-19 cases, however, against BA.5, HT showed a surprising effectiveness. The IC50 in Omicron BA.5 was even lower than 0.0019 µM. The above results revealed the effect of HT on Omicron is very significant. In summary, we characterize HT as a small-molecule antagonist by direct targeting on the Spike protein and TMPRSS2.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Harringtonines , Humans , SARS-CoV-2
2.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol ; 36(2): e22948, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1508784

ABSTRACT

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a large number of deaths worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the entry receptor for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to infect the host cells. Therefore, ACE2 may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of valaciclovir hydrochloride (VACV), zidovudine (ZDV), saquinavir (SQV), and efavirenz (EFV) on 2019-nCoV infection. The results of molecule docking and surface plasmon resonance showed that VACV, ZDV, SQV, and EFV could bind to ACE2 protein, with the KD value of (4.33 ± 0.09) e-8 , (6.29 ± 1.12) e-6 , (2.37 ± 0.59) e-5 , and (4.85 ± 1.57) e-5 M, respectively. But only ZDV and EFV prevent the 2019-nCoV spike pseudotyped virus to enter ACE2-HEK293T cells with an EC50 value of 4.30 ± 1.46 and 3.92 ± 1.36 µM, respectively. ZDV and EFV also have a synergistic effect on preventing entry of virus into cells. In conclusion, ZDV and EFV suppress 2019-nCoV infection of ACE2-HEK293T cells by interacting with ACE2.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/drug effects , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Viral Pseudotyping , Allosteric Site , Antiviral Agents/metabolism , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/virology , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Protein Binding , Surface Plasmon Resonance , COVID-19 Drug Treatment
3.
Virology ; 554: 83-88, 2021 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-978456

ABSTRACT

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, began in late 2019, has caused a worldwide pandemic and shows no signs of slowing. Glucocorticoids (GCs), including dexamethasone (DEX), have been widely used as effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs. In this study, seven GCs had no obvious effect on cell viability of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) high expressed HEK293T cells when concentrations were under 10 µM. Molecular docking results revealed that DEX occupied with active binding site of ACE2 of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results showed that KD value between DEX and ACE2 was (9.03 ± 0.78) e-6 M. Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) results uncovered that DEX had a chromatographic retention. DEX was found out to inhibiting the viropexis into ACE2h cells using SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus. Therefore, DEX inhibits the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus into cell by binding to ACE2.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Virus Internalization/drug effects , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry , Binding Sites , Dexamethasone/metabolism , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Protein Binding , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
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